10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of November 26, 2022 was approximately $310.2 million.

As of July 25, 2023, there were outstanding 12,184,674 shares of Common Stock, $0.05 par value and 2,051,488 shares of Class B Common Stock, $0.05 par value, which are convertible into Common Stock of the registrant on a one-for-one basis.

Auditor Firm ID: 00243 Auditor Name: BDO USA, P.A. Auditor Location: Chicago, IL, USA

Certain statements in this report may constitute “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The terms “may”, “should”, “could”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “continues”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “objective”, “plan”, “potential”, “project” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, intentions or beliefs and are subject to a number of factors, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences or that might otherwise impact the business include the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to update any such factor or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

In addition, while we do, from time to time, communicate with securities analysts, it is against our policy to disclose to them any material non-public information or other confidential commercial information. Accordingly, stockholders should not assume that we agree with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts or opinions, such reports are not our responsibility.

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the "Company", "we", "our") is a leading global manufacturer of engineered solutions, power grid and microwave tubes and related consumables; power conversion and RF and microwave components; high-value replacement parts, tubes and service training for diagnostic imaging equipment; and customized display solutions. Nearly 60% of our products are manufactured in LaFox, Illinois, Marlborough, Massachusetts or Donaueschingen, Germany, or by one of our manufacturing partners throughout the world. All our partners manufacture to our strict specifications and per our supplier code of conduct. We serve customers in the alternative energy, healthcare, aviation, broadcast, communications, industrial, marine, medical, military, scientific and semiconductor markets. The Company’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and “engineered solutions” based on our core engineering and manufacturing capabilities. The Company provides solutions and adds value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair through its global infrastructure.

Our fiscal year 2023 began on May 29, 2022 and ended on May 27, 2023, our fiscal year 2022 began on May 30, 2021 and ended on May 28, 2022 and our fiscal year 2021 began on May 31, 2020 and ended on May 29, 2021. Unless otherwise noted, all references to a particular year in this document shall mean the fiscal year for such period.

While the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been assessed, the long-term effects of the disruption, including supply chain disruption, and resulting impact on the global economy and capital markets remain unpredictable, and depend on future developments, such as the possible resurgence of the virus, variant strains of the virus, vaccine availability and effectiveness, and future government actions in response to the crisis. The residual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on supply chains and general economic conditions continues to evolve. The COVID-19 pandemic and its residual negative impact on general economic conditions has had and continues to have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, gross margins as a percentage of net sales (particularly within our Canvys segment). While the Company did not experience sales declines during fiscal year 2023 as a direct result of the pandemic, the residual economic impact from the pandemic continued to negatively impact our gross margins as a percentage of net sales in our Canvys segment.

It is likely that the pandemic will continue to affect our business for an indeterminable period of time due to the impact on the global economy, including with respect to transportation networks and supply chains, the availability of raw materials, production efforts and customer demand for our products. We have experienced and continue to experience component delays which negatively impact our product development schedule.

Management continues to monitor the impact of global economic factors on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry and workforce. Our ability to predict and respond to future changes resulting from the Covid pandemic is uncertain. Even after the Covid pandemic fully subsides, there may be continued long-term effects on our business practices and customers in economies in which we operate that could severely disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. As we cannot predict the duration, scope or severity of the Covid pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated and could be material.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulatory requirements relating to our operations. These laws and regulations, which differ among jurisdictions, include, among others, those related to financial and other disclosures, accounting standards, privacy and data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, corporate governance, tax, trade, antitrust, employment, import/export, anti-corruption, and environmental regulatory compliance. Expenditures relating to such regulations are made in the ordinary course of our business and do not represent material expenditures and we further do not currently expect that compliance with such laws will require us to make material additional expenditures, however, there is no assurance that existing or future laws and regulations applicable to our operations, products, and services will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Among others, we are subject to a variety of data protection laws that change frequently and have requirements that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. We are subject to significant compliance obligations under privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union and an expanding list of comprehensive state privacy and/or cybersecurity laws in the United States. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations subjects us to potential regulatory enforcement activity, fines, private litigation including class actions, reputational impacts, and other costs. Our efforts to comply with privacy and data security laws and regulations complicate our operations and add to our costs.

We are also subject to various domestic and international export, trade and anti-corruption laws, such as include the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”), the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”), anti-money laundering laws and regulations and the trade and trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the Office of the United States Trade Representative and the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. Violations of these laws and regulations may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions and penalties.

Our operations also are subject to numerous laws and regulations governing health and safety aspects of our operations, or otherwise relating to environmental protection. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of remedial or corrective action requirements, and the imposition of injunctions to prohibit certain activities or force future compliance.

For more information on risks related to the laws and regulations to which we are subject, see the relevant discussions throughout "Item 1A, Risk Factors" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We currently have operations in the following major geographic regions: North America, Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America. Selected financial data attributable to each segment and geographic region for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 is set forth in Note 10, Segment and Geographic Information, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023. The results for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the PMT segment.

The four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 are defined as follows:

Power and Microwave Technologies combines our core engineered solutions capabilities, power grid and microwave tube business with new disruptive RF, Wireless and Power technologies. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, PMT’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and engineered solutions based on our core engineering and manufacturing capabilities on a global basis. We provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. PMT’s focus is on products for power, RF and microwave applications for customers in 5G, aviation, broadcast, communications, industrial, marine, medical, military, scientific and semiconductor markets. PMT focuses on various applications including broadcast transmission, CO2 laser cutting, diagnostic imaging, dielectric and induction heating, high energy transfer, high voltage switching, plasma, power conversion, radar and radiation oncology. PMT also offers its customers technical services for both microwave and industrial equipment.

PMT represents leading manufacturers of electron tubes and RF, Microwave and power components used in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, RF and wireless and industrial power applications. Among the suppliers

PMT supports are Amperex, CDE, CPI, Draloric, Eimac, General Electric, Hitachi, Jennings, L3, MACOM, National, NJRC, Ohmite, Qorvo, Thales, Toshiba and Vishay.

PMT’s inventory levels reflect our commitment to maintain an inventory of a broad range of products for customers who are buying products for replacement of components used in critical equipment and designing in new technologies. PMT also sells a number of products representing trailing edge technology. While the market for these trailing edge technology products is declining, PMT is increasing its market share. PMT often buys products it knows it can sell ahead of any supplier price increases and extended lead times. As manufacturers for these products exit the business, PMT has the option to purchase a substantial portion of their remaining inventory.

PMT has distribution agreements with many of its suppliers; most of these agreements provide exclusive distribution rights that often include global coverage. The agreements are typically long term, and usually contain provisions permitting termination by either party if there are significant breaches that are not cured within a reasonable period. Although some of these agreements allow PMT to return inventory periodically, others do not, in which case PMT may have obsolete inventory that they cannot return to the supplier.

PMT’s suppliers provide warranty coverage for the products and allow return of defective products, including those returned to PMT by its customers. For information regarding the warranty reserves, see Note 3, Significant Accounting Policies and Disclosures, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition to third party products, we sell proprietary products principally under certain trade names we own including Amperex®, Cetron® and National®. Our proprietary products include thyratrons and rectifiers, power tubes, ignitrons, magnetrons, phototubes, microwave generators, Ultracapacitor modules and liquid crystal display monitors. The materials used in the manufacturing process consist of glass bulbs and tubing, nickel, stainless steel and other metals, plastic and metal bases, ceramics and a wide variety of fabricated metal components. These materials are generally readily available, but some components may require long lead times for production, and some materials are subject to shortages or price fluctuations based on supply and demand.

Green Energy Solutions combines our key technology partners and engineered solutions capabilities to design and manufacture innovative products for the fast-growing energy storage market and power management applications. As a designer, manufacturer, technology partner and authorized distributor, GES’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and engineered solutions using our core design engineering and manufacturing capabilities on a global basis. We provide solutions and add value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair—all through our existing global infrastructure. GES’s focus is on products for numerous green energy applications such as wind, solar, hydrogen and Electric Vehicles, and other power management applications that support green solutions such as synthetic diamond manufacturing.

Canvys provides customized display solutions serving the corporate enterprise, financial, healthcare, industrial and medical original equipment manufacturers markets. Our engineers design, manufacture, source and support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven custom display solutions that include touch screens, protective panels, custom enclosures, All-In-One computers, specialized cabinet finishes and application specific software packages and certification services. We partner with both private label manufacturing companies and leading branded hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display and touch solutions and customized computing platforms.

We have long-standing relationships with key component and finished goods manufacturers and several key ISO 9001 and ISO 13485 certified Asian display manufacturers that manufacture products to our specifications. We believe supplier relationships, combined with our engineering design and manufacturing capabilities and private label partnerships, allow us to maintain a well-balanced and technologically advanced offering of customer specific display solutions.

Healthcare manufactures, repairs, refurbishes and distributes high value replacement parts and equipment for the healthcare market including hospitals, medical centers, asset management companies, independent service organizations and multi-vendor service providers. Products include diagnostic imaging replacement parts for CT and MRI systems; replacement CT and MRI tubes; CT service training; MRI coils, cold heads and RF amplifiers; hydrogen thyratrons, klystrons, magnetrons; flat panel detector upgrades; pre-owned CT systems; and additional replacement solutions currently under development for the diagnostic imaging service market. Through a combination of newly developed products and partnerships, service offerings and training programs, we believe we can help our customers improve efficiency while lowering the cost of healthcare delivery.

We have employees, as well as authorized representatives who are not our employees, selling our products primarily in regions where we do not have a direct sales presence.

We offer various credit terms to qualifying customers as well as cash in advance and credit card terms. We establish credit limits for each customer and routinely review delinquent and aging accounts.

We maintain over 100,000 part numbers in our product inventory database and we estimate that more than 90% of orders received by 6:00 p.m. local time are shipped complete the same day for stock product. Customers can access our products on our websites, www.rell.com, www.rellhealthcare.com, www.canvys.com, www.rellpower.com, www.relltubes.com and www.rellaser.com, through electronic data interchange, or by telephone. Customer orders are processed by our regional sales offices and supported primarily by one of our distribution facilities in LaFox, Illinois; Fort Mill, South Carolina; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Marlborough, Massachusetts; Donaueschingen, Germany; or Singapore, Singapore. We also have satellite warehouses in Sao Paulo, Brazil; Shanghai, China; Bangkok, Thailand; and Hook, United Kingdom. Our data processing network provides on-line, real-time interconnection of all sales offices and central distribution operations, 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Information on stock availability, pricing in local currency, cross-reference information, customers and market analyses are obtainable throughout the entire distribution network. The content of our websites is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in this report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

During fiscal 2023, we made approximately 58% of our sales outside the United States. We continue to pursue new international sales to further expand our geographic reach.

Sales to one customer in our PMT segment totaling $31.2 million accounted for 12 percent of the Company’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2023. No one customer accounted for more than 10 percent of the Company’s consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021. See Note 10, Segment and Geographic Information, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

The future success of our Company depends on our ability to attract, hire, motivate, retain and further develop top talent, including highly skilled technical, management and sales personnel. The skills, experience and industry knowledge of our employees significantly benefit our operations and performance. Competition for such personnel is intense and the salary, benefits and other costs to employ the right personnel may impact our results and performance.

As of May 27, 2023, we employed 485 individuals, which included 451 full-time individuals and 34 part-time individuals. Of these, 329 full-time and 15 part-time were in the United States and 122 full-time and 19 part-time were located internationally. All of our employees are non-union.

The Company offers employees a competitive compensation program, designed to recognize and reward both individual and company performance, which includes a base pay, variable compensation programs, and health, well being and retirement programs to meet the needs of our employees.

We are an international company with offices and personnel located around the world. We understand, respect, and value the similarities as well as the differences of our employees. Our human capital is a critical asset that enables us to serve and support our global customer base. Our effectiveness in maximizing the talents of people of different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives is key to our continued global success. Fostering, cultivating, and preserving a culture of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging is a key priority for the Company. We seek to embrace and encourage our employees’ differences in age, disability, ethnicity, family or marital status, gender identity or expression, language, national origin, physical and mental ability, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, veteran status, and other characteristics that make our employees unique.

Management has identified Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (“DEI&B”) as a priority for our Company. Significant positive change requires careful planning, leadership, resources, and coordination. The Company established a DEI&B committee to plan and implement changes to achieve our goal of being a more diverse and inclusive organization. The DEI&B committee has been charged with making recommendations about how we, as a company, can promote and act upon the Company’s initiatives in this area. The committee will identify priorities based on employee input and incorporate these into the Company’s strategic plans, work to establish accountability and methods of measuring our progress and provide appropriate communications about our plans and achievements to our stakeholders. To date, DEI&B initiatives have focused on the following:

We maintain an Internet website at www.rell.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 are accessible through our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, of these filing dates, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”) are accessible as well. To access these reports, go to our website at www.rell.com. Information relating to our corporate governance, including our Code of Conduct (including any related amendments or waivers) and information concerning our executive officers, directors and Board committees (including committee charters) is also available on our website. The foregoing information regarding our website is provided for convenience and the content of our website is not deemed to be incorporated by reference in this report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, the SEC maintains an internet site through which our reports, proxy and information statements and our other SEC filings can be located; the address of that site is http://www.sec.gov.

Investors should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included and incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that we believe are applicable to our businesses and the industries in which we operate. While we believe we have identified the key risk factors affecting our businesses, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or that are not currently believed to be significant that may adversely affect our results of operations.

We have established both margin and expense targets to grow our sales with new and existing customers. If we do not achieve our growth objectives, the complexity of our global infrastructure makes it difficult to leverage our fixed cost structure to align with the size of our operations. Factors that could have a significant effect on our ability to achieve these goals include the following:

We have historically incurred significant charges for inventory obsolescence and may incur similar charges in the future.

We maintain significant inventories in an effort to ensure that customers have a reliable source of supply. Our products generally support industrial machinery powered by tube technology. As technology evolves and companies replace this capital equipment, the market for our products potentially declines. In addition, the market for many of our other products changes rapidly resulting from the development of new technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions by some of our suppliers and changing end-user demand, which can contribute to the decline in value or obsolescence of our inventory. We do not have many long-term supply contracts with our customers. If we fail to anticipate the changing needs of our customers or we do not accurately forecast customer demand, our customers may not place orders with us, and we may accumulate significant inventories of products that we may be unable to sell or return to our vendors. This may result in a decline in the value of our inventory.

We face competitive pressures that could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our overall competitive position depends on a number of factors including price, engineering capability, vendor representation, product diversity, lead times and the level of customer service. There are very few vacuum tube competitors in the markets we serve. There are also a limited number of Chinese manufacturers whose ability to produce vacuum tubes has progressed over the past several years. The most significant competitive risk comes from technical obsolescence. Canvys faces many competitors in the markets we serve. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins or a loss of market share, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. As we expand our business and pursue our growth initiatives, we may encounter increased competition from current and/or new competitors. Our failure to maintain and enhance our competitive position could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are dependent on a limited number of vendors to supply us with essential products. Disruptions to the supply chain could adversely impact our business.

The products we supply are currently produced by a relatively small number of manufacturers. One of our suppliers represented 11% of our total cost of sales during fiscal year 2023. Our success depends, in large part, on maintaining current vendor relationships and developing new relationships. To the extent that our significant suppliers are unwilling or unable to continue to do business with us, extend lead times, limit supplies due to capacity constraints or other factors, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.

Further, as a result of COVID-19 and its effects, we experienced some residual COVID-19 related component delays impacting new product development schedules. The global markets have generally suffered, and are continuing to suffer, from material disruptions to certain supply chains. Changes in our relationships with suppliers, shortages in availability of materials, production delays, regulatory restrictions, public health crises, or other supply chain disruptions, whether due to our suppliers or customers, could have a material adverse effect on our operations and results. Increases in the costs of supplies could result in manufacturing interruptions, delays, inefficiencies or our inability to market products. In addition, our profit margins would decrease if prices of purchased raw materials, component parts or finished goods increase and we are unable to pass on those increases to our customers. As various locations have seen recovery from COVID-19, there have been increases in demand, which have, in turn, created significant disruption to the global supply chain. These disruptions have been further exacerbated by other events and conditions, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which have adversely affected our ability to receive goods on a timely basis and increased our material costs. Short-term or sustained increases in market demand may exceed our suppliers’ production capacity or otherwise strain our supply chain. Our failure, or our suppliers’ failure, to meet the demand for raw materials and components could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further disruptions to the supply chain because of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing residual impact, or other world or domestic events could materially adversely impact our operations and business. While we actively monitor and take steps to mitigate supply chain risk, there can be no assurance that our mitigation plans will prevent disruptions that may arise from shortages of materials that we use in the production of our products.

We rely heavily on information technology systems that, if not properly functioning, could materially adversely affect our business.

We rely on our information technology systems to process, analyze and manage data to facilitate the purchase, manufacture, and distribution of our products, as well as to receive, process, bill and ship orders on a timely basis. A significant disruption or failure in the design, operation, security or support of our information technology systems could significantly disrupt our business.

Our information technology systems may be subject to cyber attacks, security breaches, computer hacking, as well as other damage, disruptions or shutdowns. Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our security controls and misappropriate or compromise sensitive personal, proprietary or confidential information, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. They also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack our systems or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities. Additionally, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords or other information in order to gain access to our customers’ data or our data, including our intellectual property and other confidential business information, employee information or our information technology systems. Our systems and the data stored on those systems may also be vulnerable to security incidents or security attacks, acts of vandalism or theft, coordinated attacks by activist entities, misplaced or lost data, human errors or other similar events that could negatively affect our systems and its data, as well as the data of our business partners. Further, third parties, such as hosted solution providers, that provide services to us, could also be a source of security risk in the event of a failure of their own security systems and infrastructure.

We have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, but none of these incidents, individually or in the aggregate, has had a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operations or products. The Company implemented various information technology protections designed to detect and reduce cybersecurity incidents, although there can be no assurance that our protections will be successful. The Company also regularly evaluates its protections against cybersecurity incidents, including in response to specific threats and as part of the Company's information security program. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to prevent or remediate all future cybersecurity incidents or that the cost associated with responding to any such incident or impact

of such incident will not be significant or material. Further, our remediation efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays or cessation of service, and loss of existing or potential suppliers or customers. In addition, breaches of our security measures and the unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal, proprietary or confidential information about us, our business partners or other third parties could expose us to significant potential liability and reputational harm. As threats related to cyber attacks develop and grow, we may also find it necessary to make further investments to protect our data and infrastructure, which may impact our profitability. As a global enterprise, we could also be negatively impacted by existing and proposed laws and regulations, as well as government policies and practices related to cybersecurity, privacy, data localization and data protection.

Our products may be found to be defective, or our services performed may result in equipment or product damage and, as a result, warranty and/or product liability claims may be asserted against us.

We sell many of our components at prices that are significantly lower than the cost of the equipment or other goods in which they are incorporated. Because a defect or failure in a product could give rise to failures in the equipment that incorporates them, we may face claims for damages that are disproportionate to the revenues and profits we receive from the components involved in the claims. While we typically have provisions in our agreements with our suppliers that hold the supplier accountable for defective products, and we and our suppliers generally exclude consequential damages in our standard terms and conditions, our ability to avoid such liabilities may be limited as a result of various factors, including the inability to exclude such damages due to the laws of some of the countries where we do business. Our business could be adversely affected as a result of a significant quality or performance issues in the components sold by us if we are required to pay for the damages. Although we have product liability insurance, such insurance is limited in coverage and amount.

Substantial defaults by our customers on our accounts receivable or the loss of significant customers could have a significant negative impact on our business.

We extend credit to our customers. The failure of a significant customer or a significant group of customers to timely pay all amounts due could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The extension of credit involves considerable judgment and is based on management’s evaluation of factors that include such things as a customer’s financial condition, payment history and the availability of collateral to secure customers’ receivables. The risks associated with extending credit to our customers could be exacerbated by economic weakness and market disruption.

Failure to successfully implement our growth initiatives, or failure to realize the benefits expected from these initiatives if implemented, may create ongoing operating losses or otherwise adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our growth strategy focuses on expanding our Green Energy Solutions, our healthcare and our power conversion businesses. We may be unable to implement our growth initiatives or strategic priorities or reach profitability in the near future or at all, due to many factors, including factors outside of our control. We also cannot be certain that executing on our strategy will generate the benefits we expect. If we fail to execute successfully on our strategic priorities, if we pursue strategic priorities that prove to be unsuccessful, or if our investments in these growth initiatives do not yield anticipated returns for any reason, our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows may be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be successful in identifying, consummating and integrating future acquisitions, if any.

We may not be able to identify attractive acquisition candidates or complete the acquisition of identified candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms. Also, acquisitions are accompanied by risks, such as potential exposure to unknown liabilities and the possible loss of key employees and customers of the acquired business. In addition, we may not obtain the expected benefits or cost savings from acquisitions. Acquisitions are subject to risks associated with financing the acquisition, and integrating the operations, personnel and systems of the acquired businesses. If any of these risks materialize, they may result in disruptions to our business and the diversion of management time and attention, which could increase the costs of operating our existing or acquired businesses or negate the expected benefits of the acquisitions.

Economic weakness and uncertainty and other challenges could adversely affect our revenues and gross margins.

Our revenues and gross profit margins depend significantly on global economic conditions, the demand for our products and services and the financial condition of our customers. Economic weakness and uncertainty have in the past, and may in the future, result in decreased revenues and gross profit margins. Economic uncertainty also makes it more difficult for us to forecast overall supply and demand with a great deal of confidence. Financial turmoil affecting the banking system and financial markets could result in tighter credit markets and lower levels of liquidity in some financial markets. The effects of a tightened credit environment could include the insolvency of key vendors or their inability to obtain credit to finance development and/or manufacture products resulting in product delays as well as the inability of customers to obtain credit to finance operations and/or customer insolvencies. Spending and the timing thereof by our customers may have a significant impact on our results and, where such spending is delayed or canceled, it could have a material negative impact on our operating results. Current global economic conditions remain uncertain and challenging. Weakness in the markets in which we operate could negatively impact our revenue and operating expenses, and consequently have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will continue recovery in the near future; nor is there any assurance that worldwide economic volatility will not continue or worsen.

Further, challenges in the supply chain and disruptions in our logistics capability could further negatively impact our gross profit margins. See “We are dependent on a limited number of vendors to supply us with essential products. Further, disruptions to the supply chain could adversely impact our business” and “Major disruptions to our logistics capability or to the operations of our key vendors or customers could have a material adverse impact on our operations.”

Prolonged periods of inflation could increase costs, have an adverse effect on general economic conditions and impact consumer spending, which could impact our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Inflation has risen on a global basis and the United States has recently experienced historically high levels of inflation. If the inflation rate continues to increase, it can also push up the costs of labor and other expenses. There is no assurance that our revenues will increase at the same rate to maintain the same level of profitability. Inflation and government efforts to combat inflation, such as raising the benchmark interest rate, could increase market volatility and have an adverse effect on the financial market and general economic conditions. Such adverse conditions could negatively impact demand for our products, which could adversely affect our profitability, results of operations and cash flow.

Our business and results of operations are subject to a broad range of uncertainties arising out of world and domestic events.

Global and regional economic uncertainty continues to exist, including uncertainty relating to the Covid pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Our operations could be adversely affected by global or regional economic conditions if markets decline in the future, whether related to the Covid pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, higher inflation or interest rates, recession, natural disasters, impacts of and issues related to climate change, business disruptions, our ability to adequately staff operations or otherwise. Any future economic declines may result in decreased revenue, gross margins, earnings or growth rates or difficulty in managing inventory levels or collecting customer receivables. We also have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, increased competitive pricing pressure, raw material inflation and availability issues resulting in difficulties meeting customer demand. In addition, customer difficulties in the future could result from economic declines, the Covid pandemic, the cyclical nature of their respective businesses, such as in the oil and gas industry, or otherwise and, in turn, result in decreases in product demand, increases in bad debt write-offs, decreases in timely collection of accounts receivable and adjustments to our allowance for credit losses, resulting in material reductions to our revenues and net earnings.

Major disruptions to our logistics capability or to the operations of our key vendors or customers could have a material adverse impact on our operations.

We operate our global logistics services through specialized and centralized distribution centers. We depend on third party transportation service providers for the delivery of products to our customers. A major interruption or disruption in service at any of our distribution centers, or a disruption at the operations of any of our significant vendors or customers, for any reason, including reasons beyond our control (such as natural disasters, pandemics or other health crises (such as COVID-19), work stoppages, power loss, cyber attacks, incidents of terrorism or other significant disruptions of services from our third party providers) could cause cancellations or delays in a significant number of shipments to customers and, as a result, could have a severe impact on our business, operations and financial performance. Further, challenges within global logistics networks, including shortages of shipping containers, international port congestion, and trucking shortages and freight capacity constraints have resulted in delays in receiving key manufacturing components and increased order backlogs and transportation costs. Such logistical disruption may cause us to incur higher costs and may also result in longer lead times for our customers. Uncertainties related to the magnitude and duration of global supply chain disruptions have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our business. If we are unable to recover a substantial portion of the increase in material and transportation costs from our customers through price adjustments and/or surcharges, our business or results of operations could be adversely affected. We may also experience an increase in order cancellations if any such pricing actions are not accepted by our customers.

International operations represent a significant percentage of our business and present a variety of risks that could impact our results.

Because we source and sell our products worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. These risks include the costs and difficulties of managing foreign entities, limitations on the repatriation and investment of funds, cultural differences that affect customer preferences and business practices, unstable political or economic conditions, geopolitical risks and demand or supply reactions from events that could include political crises and conflict (such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine), war, a major terrorist attack, natural disasters, actual or threatened public health emergencies (such as COVID-19, including virus variants and resurgences and responses to those developments such as continued or new government-imposed lockdowns and travel restrictions), trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements, monetary policy, inflation, economic growth, recession, commodity prices, currency volatility, currency controls, and changes in tax laws.

We also face exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates because we conduct business outside of the United States. Price increases caused by currency exchange rate fluctuations may make our products less competitive or may have an adverse effect on our margins. Our international revenues and expenses generally are derived from sales and operations in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, when the U.S. dollar strengthens in relation to the base currencies of the countries in which we sell our products, our U.S. dollar reported net revenue and income would decrease. We currently do not engage in any currency hedging transactions. We cannot predict whether foreign currency exchange risks inherent in doing business in foreign countries will have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results in the future. Further, global economic conditions may cause volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. Negative or uncertain financial and macroeconomic conditions may have a significant adverse impact on our sales, profitability and results of operations.

There is a possible risk of identifiable intangible asset impairment, which could reduce the value of our assets and reduce our net income in the year in which the write-off occurs.

Our intangible assets could become impaired, which could reduce the value of our assets and reduce our net income in the year in which the write-off occurs. We ascribe value to certain intangible assets which consist of customer lists and trade names resulting from acquisitions. An impairment charge on intangible assets would be incurred in the event that the fair value of the intangible assets is less than their current carrying values. We evaluate whether events have occurred that indicate all, or a portion, of the carrying amount of intangible assets may no longer be recoverable. If this is the case, an impairment charge to earnings would be necessary.

Our indebtedness and restrictive covenants under our credit facility could limit our operational and financial flexibility.

We may incur indebtedness in the future under our credit facility with PNC Bank NA. Our ability to make interest and scheduled principal payments on any such indebtedness and operate within restrictive covenants could be adversely impacted by changes in the availability, terms and cost of capital, changes in interest rates or changes in our credit ratings or our outlook. These changes could increase our cost of business, limiting our ability to pursue acquisition opportunities, react to market conditions and meet operational and capital needs, thereby placing us at a competitive disadvantage.

We may be subject to intellectual property rights claims, which are costly to defend, could require payment of damages or licensing fees, and/or could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future.

Substantial litigation and threats of litigation regarding intellectual property rights exist in the display systems and electronics industries. From time to time, third parties, including certain companies in the business of acquiring patents with the intention of aggressively seeking licensing revenue from purported infringers, have asserted and may in the future assert patent and/or other intellectual property rights to technologies that are important to our business. In any dispute involving products that we have sold, our customers could also become the target of litigation. We are obligated in many instances to indemnify and defend our customers if the products we sell are alleged to infringe any third party’s intellectual property rights. In some cases, depending on the nature of the claim, we may be able to seek indemnification from our suppliers for our self and our customers against such claims, but there is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining such indemnification or that we are fully protected against such claims. Any infringement claim brought against us, regardless of the duration, outcome or size of damage award, could result in substantial cost, divert our management’s attention, be time consuming to defend, result in significant damage awards, cause product shipment delays, or require us to enter into royalty or other licensing agreements. See Note 11, Risks and Uncertainties, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding specific legal matters related to our patents.

Additionally, if an infringement claim is successful, we may be required to pay damages or seek royalty or license arrangements which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. The payment of any such damages or royalties may significantly increase our operating expenses and harm our operating results and financial condition. Also, royalty or license arrangements may not be available at all. We may have to stop selling certain products or certain technologies, which could affect our ability to compete effectively.

Potential lawsuits, with or without merit, may divert management’s attention, and we may incur significant expenses in our defense. In addition, we may be required to pay damage awards or settlements, become subject to injunctions or other equitable remedies, or determine to abandon certain lines of business, that may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

We may incur substantial operational costs or be required to change our business practices to comply with data privacy and data protection laws and regulations around the world.

We are subject to many privacy and data protection laws and regulations in various jurisdictions, which continue to evolve rapidly. The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union, including more robust documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs. Specifically, the GDPR imposes numerous privacy-related requirements for companies operating in the EU, including greater control for data subjects, increased data portability for EU consumers and data breach notification requirements.

Complying with the GDPR may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to change our business practices in ways that we cannot currently predict. Despite our efforts to bring our practices into compliance with the GDPR, we may not be successful. Non-compliance could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities, customers, data subjects or others. Fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, may be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements.

In addition, several other jurisdictions in the U.S. and around the world have enacted privacy laws or regulations similar to GDPR. For instance, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), effective January 1, 2020 which gives consumers many of the same rights as those available under GDPR. Several laws similar to the CCPA have been proposed in the United States at both the federal and state level. The effects of, and costs incurred in connection with complying with, the GDPR, the CCPA and other data privacy laws and regulations may be significant and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Any actual or perceived failures to comply with the GDPR, the CCPA or other data privacy laws or regulations, or related contractual or other obligations, or any perceived privacy rights violation, could lead to investigations, claims and proceedings by governmental entities and private parties, damages for contract breach, and other significant costs, penalties and other liabilities, as well as harm to our reputation and market position.

Our international sales and operations are subject to applicable laws relating to trade, export controls and foreign corrupt practices, the violation of which could adversely affect our operations.

We are subject to applicable export control laws and regulations of the United States and other countries. United States laws and regulations applicable to us include the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”), the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”), anti-money laundering laws and regulations and the trade and trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the Office of the United States Trade Representative and the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. The import and export of our products are subject to international trade agreements, the modification or repeal of which could impact our business. The U.S. government agencies responsible for administering EAR and ITAR have significant discretion in the interpretation and enforcement of these regulations. Violations of these laws or regulations could result in significant additional sanctions including fines, more onerous compliance requirements, more extensive debarments from export privileges, loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business and criminal penalties and may harm our ability to enter contracts with customers who have contracts with the U.S. government. A violation of the laws or the regulations enumerated above could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Ongoing changes to tariffs and trade relations may adversely affect our business.

Our international operations are subject to changing tariffs and developments in trade relations. The U.S. government has made statements and taken certain actions that have led to, and may in the future lead to, further changes to U.S. and international trade policies, including recently imposed tariffs affecting certain products exported by a number of U.S. trading partners, including China. For example, during 2018, the U.S. and China each imposed new tariffs, and announced further proposed tariffs, on various products imported from China and the U.S., respectively. Between July 2018 and September 2018, the Office of the United States Trade Representative imposed tariffs of 10% and 25% on three product lists totaling approximately $250 billion in Chinese imports. In May 2019, there was an announcement of the United States government’s imposition of a 25% tariff on a range of products exported from China to the U.S. on or after May 10, 2019. These lists include some of our products.

Subsequently, in January 2020, the U.S. and China signed a “phase one” trade deal, accompanied by a U.S. decision to cancel a plan to increase tariffs on an additional list of Chinese products and to reduce the tariffs imposed on May 13, 2019 from 15% to 7.5% effective February 14, 2020. Currently, the majority of tariff exclusions granted have expired and many of the additional tariffs on Chinese origin goods remain, as do concerns over the stability of bilateral trade relations, particularly given the limited scope of the phase one agreement.

It is possible that further tariffs may be imposed on imports of our products, including by other countries, or that our business will be impacted by changing trade relations among countries. This may cause us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of which could adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, suppliers and/or the United States economy or certain sectors thereof and, thus, to adversely impact our businesses and results of operations. Given the evolving nature of trade relations, the impact on our operations and results is uncertain and could be significant. We can provide no assurance that any strategies we implement to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will be successful. To the extent that our supply chain, costs, sales or profitability are negatively affected by the tariffs or other trade actions, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

As of July 25, 2023, Edward J. Richardson, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, beneficially owned approximately 98% of the outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 62% of the voting power of the outstanding common stock. This share ownership permits Mr. Richardson to exert control over the outcome of stockholder votes, including votes concerning the election of directors, by-law amendments, possible mergers, corporate control contests and other significant corporate transactions.

Our success depends to a large extent upon the continued services of key management personnel, particularly Mr. Richardson. While we have employment contracts in place with several of our executive officers, we nevertheless cannot be assured that we will retain our key employees and the loss of service of any of these officers or key management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business growth and operating results.

Our future success will require an ability to attract and retain qualified employees. Competition for such key personnel is intense and we cannot be assured that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. We cannot make assurances that key personnel will not depart in the future. Changes in the cost of providing employee benefits in order to attract and retain personnel, including changes in health care costs, could lead to increased costs in any of our operations.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls or discover material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to detect fraud or report our financial results accurately or timely.

An effective internal control environment is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is an important part of our effort to prevent financial fraud. We are required to periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the design and operation of our internal controls over financial reporting. Based on these evaluations, we may conclude that enhancements, modifications or changes to internal controls are necessary or desirable. While management evaluates the effectiveness of our internal controls on a regular basis, these controls may not always be effective. There are inherent limitations on the effectiveness of internal controls, including fraud, collusion, management override and failure in human judgment. In addition, control procedures are designed to reduce rather than eliminate business risks.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, or if management or our independent registered public accounting firm discovers material weaknesses in our internal controls, we may be unable to produce reliable financial reports or prevent fraud. In addition, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission or NASDAQ. Any such actions could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.

If we are deemed to be an investment company, we will be required to meet burdensome compliance requirements and restrictions on our activities.

We have had significant cash and investments. If we are deemed to be an “investment company” as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”), the nature of our investments may be subject to various restrictions. We do not believe that our principal activities subject us to the Investment Company Act. If we are deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with required additional regulatory burdens would increase our operating expenses.

Evolving expectations around corporate responsibility practices, specifically related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters, may expose us to reputational and other risks.

Investors, stockholders, customers, suppliers and other third parties are increasingly focusing on ESG and corporate social responsibility endeavors and reporting. Certain institutional investors, investment funds, other influential investors, customers, suppliers and other third parties are also increasingly focused on ESG practices. Companies that do not adapt to or comply with the evolving investor or stakeholder expectations and standards, or which are perceived to have not responded appropriately, may suffer from reputational damage and result in the business, financial condition and/or stock price of a company being materially and adversely affected. Further, this increased focus on ESG issues may result in new regulations and/or third-party requirements that could adversely impact our business, or certain shareholders reducing or eliminating their holdings of our stock. Additionally, an allegation or perception that the Company has not taken sufficient action in these areas could negatively harm our reputation.

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past and may experience declines in the future as a result of the volatile nature of the stock market, developments in our business and/or factors outside of our control including certain of the risk factors discussed in this report. Many factors may cause the market price for our common stock to change, including: (i) our operating results as compared to investors’ expectations in any period, (ii) market perceptions concerning our future earnings prospects, (iii) adverse changes in general market conditions or economic trends and (iv) changes or events in our industry or the world, such as market reactions to public health issues (including the COVID-19 pandemic), natural disasters, changes in global, national, or regional economies, inflation, governmental policies, political unrest, military action and armed conflicts (such as the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine), terrorist activities, political and social turmoil, civil unrest and other crises.

The Company owns one facility and leases 25 facilities. We own our corporate facility and largest distribution center, which is located on approximately 100 acres in LaFox, Illinois and consists of approximately 224,000 square feet of manufacturing, warehouse and office space. We maintain geographically diverse facilities because we believe this provides value to our customers and suppliers, and limits market risk and exchange rate exposure. We believe our properties are well maintained and adequate for our present needs. The extent of utilization varies from property to property and from time to time during the year.

ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our quarterly dividend was $0.06 per common share and $0.054 per Class B common share. Annual dividend payments were approximately $3.3 million for fiscal 2023 and $3.2 million for fiscal 2022. All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Dividend payments will depend on earnings, capital requirements, operating conditions and such other factors that the Board may deem relevant.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the trading symbol (“RELL”). There is no established public trading market for our Class B common stock. As of July 25, 2023, there were approximately 419 stockholders of record for the common stock and approximately 13 stockholders of record for the Class B common stock.

Effective June 26, 2023, the Company joined the 2023 Russell 3000® Index. Membership in the U.S. all-cap Russell 3000® Index remains in place for one year and includes the Company in the large-cap Russell 1000® Index and the small-cap Russell 2000® Index.

The following graph compares the performance of our common stock for the periods indicated with the performance of the NASDAQ Composite Index, NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and the Russell Microcap Technology Index.

The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index will not be available for fiscal 2024 and accordingly is being replaced by the Russell Microcap Technology Index. This year's performance graph includes both the NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and the Russell Microcap Technology Index to facilitate the transition to the replacement index. The Russell Microcap Technology Index is a published industry index comprised of over 150 companies. Next year's performance graph will exclude the NASDAQ Electronic Components Index.

The graph assumes $100 invested on the last day of our fiscal year 2018, in our common stock, the NASDAQ Composite Index, NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and the Russell Microcap Technology Index. Total return indices reflect reinvestment of dividends at the closing stock prices at the date of the dividend declaration.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* Among Richardson Electronics, Ltd., the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Electronic Components Index $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 5/30/15 5/28/16 5/27/17 6/2/18 6/1/19 5/30/20 Richardson Electronics, Ltd. NASDAQ Composite NASDAQ Electronic Components *$100 invested on 5/30/15 in stock or 5/31/15 in index, including reinvestment of dividends. Indexes calculated on month-end basis.

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to assist the reader in better understanding our business, results of operations, financial condition, changes in financial condition, critical accounting policies and estimates and significant developments. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this filing. This section is organized as follows:

Richardson Electronics, Ltd. is a leading global manufacturer of engineered solutions, power grid and microwave tubes and related consumables; power conversion and RF and microwave components; high-value replacement parts, tubes and service training for diagnostic imaging equipment; and customized display solutions. Nearly 60% of our products are manufactured in LaFox, Illinois, Marlborough, Massachusetts or Donaueschingen, Germany, or by one of our manufacturing partners throughout the world. All our partners manufacture to our strict specifications and per our supplier code of conduct. We serve customers in the alternative energy, healthcare, aviation, broadcast, communications, industrial, marine, medical, military, scientific and semiconductor markets. The Company’s strategy is to provide specialized technical expertise and “engineered solutions” based on our core engineering and manufacturing capabilities. The Company provides solutions and adds value through design-in support, systems integration, prototype design and manufacturing, testing, logistics and aftermarket technical service and repair through its global infrastructure.

Some of the Company's products are manufactured in China and are imported into the United States. The Office of the United States Trade Representative ("USTR") instituted additional 10% to 25% tariffs on the importation of a number of products into the United States from China effective July 6, 2018, with additional products added August 23, 2018 and September 24, 2018. These additional tariffs are a response to what the USTR considers to be certain unfair trade practices by China. A number of the Company's products manufactured in China are now subject to these additional duties of 25% when imported into the United States.

Management continues to work with its suppliers as well as its customers to mitigate the impact of the tariffs on our customers’ markets. However, if the Company is unable to successfully pass through the additional cost of these tariffs, or if the higher prices reduce demand for the Company's products, it will have a negative effect on the Company's sales and gross margins.

The Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the PMT segment.

The Company's four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 are defined as follows:

Canvys provides customized display solutions serving the corporate enterprise, financial, healthcare, industrial and medical original equipment manufacturers markets. Our engineers design, manufacture, source and support a full spectrum of solutions to match the needs of our customers. We offer long term availability and proven custom display solutions that include touch screens, protective panels, custom enclosures, All-In-One computers, specialized cabinet finishes and application specific software packages and certification services. Our volume commitments are lower than the large display manufacturers, making us the ideal choice for companies with very specific design requirements. We partner with both private label manufacturing companies and leading branded hardware vendors to offer the highest quality display and touch solutions and customized computing platforms.

We currently have operations in the following major geographic regions: North America, Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America.

Net sales by segment and percent change for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

During fiscal 2023, consolidated net sales increased by 16.9% compared to fiscal 2022. Sales for PMT increased by 5.7%, GES sales increased by 110.5%. Canvys sales increased by 11.8% and Healthcare sales increased by 0.5%. The increase in PMT was mainly due to strong growth in the semi-wafer fabrication industry and the RF and microwave products for various applications. The increase in GES was primarily due to growth in related product sales to the wind turbine industry, as well as EV battery modules. The increase in Canvys was primarily due to strong sales in the North American market. The increase in Healthcare was primarily due to an increase in equipment sales.

During fiscal 2022, consolidated net sales increased by 26.9% compared to fiscal 2021. Sales for PMT increased by 20.5%, GES sales increased by 172.4%, Canvys sales increased by 20.0% and Healthcare sales increased by 10.1%. The increase in PMT was mainly due to strong growth from our Power and Microwave Group (PMG) technology partners in various applications including power management and 5G infrastructure, and increased revenue from our Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Equipment customers buying engineered solutions. We also had strong growth in various Electron Device (EDG) product lines. The increase in GES was primarily due to components for power management applications and niche products for wind turbines. The increase in Canvys was primarily due to strong sales in the European and North American markets. The increase in Healthcare was primarily due to strong part sales and increase in demand for the ALTA750TM tubes.

Gross profit by segment and percent of segment net sales for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Gross profit reflects the distribution and manufacturing product margin less manufacturing variances, inventory obsolescence charges, customer returns, scrap and cycle count adjustments, engineering costs and other provisions.

Consolidated gross profit was $83.7 million during fiscal 2023, compared to $71.7 million during fiscal 2022. Consolidated gross margin as a percentage of net sales was 31.9 % for fiscal 2023, the same as the 31.9% during fiscal 2022, primarily due to favorable product mix for PMT, unfavorable product mix for GES, unfavorable product mix for Canvys and improved manufacturing absorption and decreased component scrap for Healthcare. Gross margin during fiscal 2023 included expense related to inventory provisions of $0.3 million for PMT, $0.1 million for Canvys and $0.1 million for Healthcare.

Consolidated gross profit was $71.7 million during fiscal 2022, compared to $58.8 million during fiscal 2021. Consolidated gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 31.9% during fiscal 2022, from 33.2% during fiscal 2021, primarily due to unfavorable product mix for PMT, favorable product mix for GES, higher freight costs and foreign exchange effects for Canvys and increased component scrap expenses for Healthcare. Gross margin during fiscal 2022 included expense related to inventory provisions for PMT of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for Healthcare.

Net sales for PMT increased 5.7% to $164.3 million during fiscal 2023 from $155.4 million during fiscal 2022. The increase was mainly due to strong growth in the semi-wafer fabrication industry for the first nine months and the RF and microwave products for various applications. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 32.9% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 32.7% during fiscal 2022, primarily due to product mix.

Net sales for PMT increased 20.5% to $155.4 million during fiscal 2022 from $129.0 million during fiscal 2021. The increase was mainly due to strong growth from our Power and Microwave Group (PMG) technology partners in various applications including power management and 5G infrastructure, and increased revenue from our Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Equipment customers buying engineered solutions. We also had strong growth in various Electron Device (EDG) product lines. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 32.7% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 33.8% during fiscal 2021, primarily due to product mix.

Net sales for GES increased 110.5% to $47.6 million during fiscal 2023 from $22.6 million during fiscal 2022. The increase was mainly due to growth in related product sales to the wind turbine industry, as well as EV battery modules. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 28.8% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 32.0% during fiscal 2022, primarily due to product mix.

Net sales for GES increased 172.4% to $22.6 million during fiscal 2022 from $8.3 million during fiscal 2021. Sales increased primarily due to components for power management applications and niche products for wind turbines. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 29.0% during fiscal 2021, primarily due to product mix.

Net sales for Canvys increased 11.8% to $39.3 million during fiscal 2023, from $35.2 million during fiscal 2022. Sales increased primarily due to strong sales in the North American market. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 31.5% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 mainly due to product mix.

Net sales for Canvys increased 20.0% to $35.2 million during fiscal 2022, from $29.3 million during fiscal 2021. Sales increased primarily due to strong sales in the European and North American markets. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 32.0% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 35.0% during fiscal 2021 mainly due to increasing freight costs resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and foreign currency effects.

Net sales for Healthcare increased 0.5% to $11.4 million during fiscal 2023, essentially unchanged from fiscal 2022. The slight increase in sales was primarily due to an increase in equipment sales, partially offset by decreases in part sales and CT tube sales. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales increased to 30.7% during fiscal 2023, compared to 21.2% during fiscal 2022. The increase was primarily due to improved manufacturing absorption and decreased component scrap expenses.

Net sales for Healthcare increased 10.1% to $11.4 million during fiscal 2022, from $10.3 million during fiscal 2021. The increase in sales was primarily due to strong parts sales and an increase in demand for the ALTA 750DTM tubes. Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased to 21.2% during fiscal 2022, compared to 25.1% during fiscal 2021. The decrease was primarily due to increased component scrap expenses.

On a geographic basis, our sales are categorized by destination: North America; Asia/Pacific; Europe; Latin America; and Other.

Net sales by geographic area and percent change for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Gross profit by geographic area and percent of geographic net sales for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

We sell our products to customers in diversified industries and perform periodic credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 30 days in North America, and vary throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America. Estimates of credit losses are recorded in the financial statements based on monthly reviews of outstanding accounts.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased during fiscal 2023 to $58.7 million from $55.7 million during fiscal 2022. This increase in SG&A expense from fiscal 2022 was mainly due to higher employee compensation and travel expenses, partially offset by lower legal fees and a lower bad debt expense. SG&A as a percentage of sales decreased to 22.4% during fiscal 2023 as compared to 24.8% during fiscal 2022.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased during fiscal 2022 to $55.7 million from $55.9 million during fiscal 2021. However, when considering the non-recurrence of the $1.6 million legal settlement in fiscal 2021, the SG&A expense for fiscal 2022 was $1.4 million or 2.6% higher than fiscal 2021. This increase in SG&A expense from fiscal 2021 was mainly due to higher employee compensation expenses including incentive expense, partially offset by lower legal fees. SG&A as a percentage of sales decreased to 24.8% during fiscal 2022 as compared to 31.6% during fiscal 2021.

On April 2, 2021, as part of a settlement where the Company did not admit liability, Richardson agreed to pay Varex Imaging Corporation (“Varex”) $1.6 million to settle alleged counts of patent infringement and claims of trade secret misappropriation. This settlement was recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the third quarter of fiscal 2021.

Other income was less than $0.1 million during fiscal 2023, compared to an expense of $0.2 million during fiscal 2022. Fiscal 2023 had $0.3 million of investment income compared to $0.1 million of investment income for fiscal 2022. Our foreign exchange gains and losses are primarily due to the translation of U.S. dollars held in non-U.S. entities. The foreign exchange loss reported for fiscal 2023 totaled $0.3 million, unchanged from fiscal 2022. We currently do not utilize derivative instruments to manage our exposure to foreign currency.

Our income tax provision (benefit) during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was $2.7 million, ($2.2 million) and $0.7 million, respectively. The effective income tax rates during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were 10.8%, (13.7%) and 28.3%, respectively. The difference between the effective income tax rates as compared to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 was primarily driven by the impact of valuation allowance changes related to the realizability of our U.S. state and federal net deferred tax assets and changes in our geographical distribution of income (loss). In addition, the Company recognized both foreign tax and research and development tax credits in fiscal 2023.

The Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA"), signed into law by President Biden on August 16, 2022, has several key corporate tax-related provisions, including a 15% creditable book minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income (“AFSI”) of applicable corporations, clean energy tax incentives and 1% excise tax on certain corporate stock buybacks. The Company did not rise to the level of AFSI to be subject to the 15% creditable book minimal tax. The Company did not have a material impact from the IRA. The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors Act of 2022 (the "CHIPS Act") was signed into law by President Biden on August 9, 2022, which created a new 25% investment tax credit for qualified property placed in service for semiconductor manufacturing. This production credit was not applicable to the Company.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recorded research and development (“R&D”) tax credits of $0.9 million. These credits represent the expected U.S. federal and state credits to be claimed for fiscal 2020 through fiscal 2023. The Company has not previously recorded any benefit from an R&D tax credit due to the fact that the Company did not believe it was economically prudent to pursue these credits in prior years.

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, taxpayers are required to capitalize certain R&D expenses and amortize them over five or fifteen years under IRC Section 174. This provision increased our taxable income for the year ended May 27, 2023, and resulted in additional cash tax payments for U.S. federal and state income taxes. This provision also generated a deferred tax asset for the year ended May 27, 2023.

As of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022 we have utilized all net deferred tax assets related to federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. Net deferred tax assets related to domestic state NOL carryforwards at May 27, 2023 amounted to approximately $2.1 million, compared to $2.4 million at May 28, 2022. Net deferred tax assets related to foreign NOL carryforwards was $0.2 million as of May 27, 2023 compared to $0.4 million as of May 28, 2022, with various or indefinite expiration dates. We released the valuation allowance and have utilized $1.8 million of domestic net deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credit carryforwards as of May 27, 2023.

We have historically determined that undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, to the extent of cash available, will be repatriated to the U.S. The deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference is now primarily withholding tax on future dividend distributions. The deferred tax liability related to undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries was less than $0.1 million in both fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to support a more likely than not assertion that its deferred tax assets will be realized. A significant component of objective evidence evaluated was the cumulative income or loss incurred in each jurisdiction over the three-year period ended May 27, 2023. We considered other positive evidence in determining the need for a valuation allowance in the U.S. including the subpart F and GILTI inclusions of our foreign earnings, the changes in our business performance in recent years and the utilization of federal NOLs. The weight of this positive evidence is sufficient to outweigh other negative evidence in evaluating our need for a valuation allowance in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. As a result of the positive evidence outweighing the negative evidence for the year ended May 28, 2022, we released the full valuation allowance on the U.S. federal and state deferred tax items. In addition, in the year ended May 28, 2022, we partially released the valuation allowance on the state NOL deferred tax item, based on the amount of the NOLs that management believed it is more likely than not to realize. As of May 27, 2023, we have released $1.8 million of the valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset related to foreign tax credits based on positive evidence that arose during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 related to the foreign tax credit limitation calculation.

As of May 27, 2023, a valuation allowance of $1.4 million was recorded, representing the portion of the deferred tax asset that management does not believe is more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance as of May 28, 2022 was $3.5 million. The remaining valuation allowance relates to state NOLs ($0.2 million) and deferred tax assets in foreign jurisdictions where historical taxable losses have been incurred ($1.3 million). The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are increased, or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight may be given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth.

Income taxes paid, including foreign estimated tax payments, were $4.8 million, $1.5 million and $0.1 million, during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.

In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. Generally, years prior to fiscal 2017 are closed for examination under the statute of limitation for U.S. federal, U.S. state and local or non-U.S. tax jurisdictions. We were under examination for fiscal 2015 through fiscal 2018 in Germany. The audit was settled in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. In the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company paid the audit assessment for the fiscal 2015 through fiscal 2018 years. The Company recorded a tax expense of less than $0.1 million due to receiving the final assessment for the German audit. The $0.1 million of uncertain tax positions recorded in prior quarters has been fully utilized as of May 27, 2023. Our primary foreign tax jurisdictions are Germany and the Netherlands. We have tax years open in Germany beginning in fiscal 2019 and the Netherlands beginning in fiscal 2021.

The Company did not record any uncertain tax positions as of May 27, 2023 as compared to $0.1 million as of May 28, 2022. The reserve for the German audits was reversed in fiscal 2023. We record penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax expense line item within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Accrued interest and penalties were included within the related tax liability line in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have not recorded a liability for interest and penalties as of May 27, 2023 or May 28, 2022.

Our operations and cash needs have been primarily financed through income from operations and cash on hand.

Cash and cash equivalents were $25.0 million at May 27, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents by geographic area at May 27, 2023 consisted of $8.1 million in North America, $8.6 million in Europe, $1.5 million in Latin America and $6.8 million in Asia/Pacific. No funds were repatriated to the United States in fiscal 2023 from our foreign entities. Although the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally eliminated federal income tax on future cash repatriation to the United States, cash repatriation may be subject to state and local taxes, withholding or similar taxes. See Note 8, Income Taxes, of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Cash, cash equivalents and investments were $40.5 million at May 28, 2022. Cash, cash equivalents and investments by geographic area at May 28, 2022 consisted of $25.7 million in North America, $6.0 million in Europe, $1.5 million in Latin America and $7.3 million in Asia/Pacific. We repatriated a total of $1.5 million to the United States in fiscal 2022 from our foreign entities. This amount includes $0.7 million in the first quarter from our entity in China, $0.3 million in the second quarter from our entity in Taiwan and $0.5 million in the third quarter from our entity in Japan.

Management continues to monitor the global situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry and workforce. Our ability to predict and respond to future changes resulting from the Covid pandemic is uncertain. Even after the Covid pandemic fully subsides, there may be long-term effects on our business practices and customers in economies in which we operate that could severely disrupt our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. As we cannot predict the duration, scope or severity of the Covid pandemic, the negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated and could be material.

Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that the existing sources of liquidity, including current cash, will provide sufficient resources to meet known capital requirements and working capital needs through the next twelve months. Additionally, while our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the economy and the outlook for growth in our markets, we believe our existing sources of liquidity as well as our ability to generate operating cash flows will satisfy our future obligations and cash requirements.

On March 20, 2023, the Company established a senior, secured revolving credit facility agreement with a three-year term in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $30 million, including a Swingline Loan sub-facility and a Letter of Credit sub-facility (collectively, the "Revolving Credit Facility") with PNC Bank. The Revolving Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company's domestic subsidiaries. Proceeds of the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are expected to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of the date of this report, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Cash flow from operating activities primarily resulted from our net income adjusted for non-cash items and changes in our operating assets and liabilities.

Operating activities utilized $8.2 million of cash during fiscal 2023. We had net income of $22.3 million during fiscal 2023, which included non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million associated with the issuance of stock option awards and restricted stock awards, $0.5 million of inventory provisions and depreciation and amortization expense of $3.7 million associated with our property and equipment as well as amortization of our intangible assets. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $35.5 million during fiscal 2023, mainly due to an increase in inventories of $30.5 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $4.4 million and an increase in prepaid expenses of $0.5 million. The majority of the inventory increase was to support our Electron tube, PMG, Green Energy Solutions, LaFox manufacturing and Healthcare businesses. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was due to revenue recognition and timing.

Operating activities provided $1.9 million of cash during fiscal 2022. We had net income of $17.9 million during fiscal 2022, which included non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $0.7 million associated with the issuance of stock option awards and restricted stock awards, $0.5 million of inventory provisions, and depreciation and amortization expense of $3.4 million associated with our property and equipment as well as amortization of our intangible assets. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a use of cash of $16.5 million during fiscal 2022, primarily due to the increase in inventories of $20.6 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $6.2 million and an increase in prepaid expenses of $0.2 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by the increase in our accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $10.1 million. The majority of the inventory increase was to support our manufacturing, Canvys and PMG businesses. The increase in accounts receivable was primarily due to the sales increase in fiscal 2022. The increase in our accounts payable was due to higher inventory levels to support sales growth, and the increase in accrued liabilities was due to the higher employee compensation expenses and payroll taxes as well as increased deferred revenue.

The cash flow from investing activities consisted primarily of purchases and maturities of investments and capital expenditures.

Cash used by investing activities of $2.2 million during fiscal 2023 was mainly attributed to $7.4 million in capital expenditures with a $5.0 million offset for the maturities of a Certificate of Deposit (CD). Capital expenditures were primarily related to our LaFox manufacturing business and facility renovation, IT systems and the Healthcare business.

Cash used by investing activities of $8.1 million during fiscal 2022 was mainly attributed to the $5.0 million purchase of a Certificate of Deposit (CD) and $3.1 million in capital expenditures. Capital expenditures were primarily related to our manufacturing, Healthcare business and IT systems.

Our purchases and proceeds from investments consist of time deposits and CDs. Purchasing of future investments may vary from period to period due to interest and foreign currency exchange rates.

The cash flow from financing activities primarily consists of cash dividends paid.

Cash provided by financing activities of $0.4 million during fiscal 2023 resulted primarily from the $3.8 million of proceeds from the issuance of common stock from stock option exercises and the $3.3 million used to pay dividends to shareholders.

Cash used in financing activities of $0.4 million during fiscal 2022 resulted primarily from the $3.2 million used to pay dividends to shareholders, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock from stock option exercises.

All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Dividend payments will depend on earnings, capital requirements, operating conditions and such other factors that the Board may deem relevant.

Contractual obligations are presented in the table below as of May 27, 2023 (in thousands):

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Our assumptions, judgments and estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors deemed relevant. Actual results could be materially different from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates on a regular basis. We also discuss our critical policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

We believe the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved for the following have the greatest potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements:

Our allowance for doubtful accounts includes estimated losses that result from uncollectible receivables. The estimates are influenced by the following: continuing credit evaluation of customers’ financial conditions; aging of receivables, individually and in the aggregate; a large number of customers which are widely dispersed across geographic areas; and collectability and delinquency history by geographic area. Significant changes in one or more of these considerations may require adjustments affecting net income and net carrying value of accounts receivable.

Our customers are generally not resellers, but rather businesses that incorporate our products into their processes from which they generate an economic benefit. The goods are also distinct in that each item sold to the customer is clearly identified on both the purchase order and resulting invoice. Each product we sell benefits the customer independently of the other products. Each item on each purchase order from the customer can be used by the customer unrelated to any other products we provide to the customer.

Manufacturing/assembly typically includes the products that are manufactured or assembled in our manufacturing facility. These products can either be built to the customer’s prints/designs or are products that we stock in our warehouse to sell to any customer that places an order. The manufacturing business does not include a separate service bundled with the product sold or sold in addition to the product. Our contracts for customized products generally include termination provisions if a customer cancels its order. However, we recognize revenue at a point in time because the termination provisions normally do not require, upon cancellation, the customer to pay fees that are commensurate with the work performed. Each purchase order explicitly states the goods or service that we promise to transfer to the customer. The promises to the customer are limited only to those goods or service. The performance obligation is our promise to deliver both goods that were produced by the Company and resale of goods that we purchase from our suppliers. Our shipping and handling activities for destination shipments are performed prior to the customer obtaining control. As such, they are not a separate promised service. The Company elects to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. The goods we provide to our customers are distinct in that our customers benefit from the goods we sell them through use in their own processes.

Distribution typically includes products purchased from our suppliers, stocked in our warehouses and then sold to our customers. The distribution business does not include a separate service bundled with the product sold or sold on top of the product. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers, which is simultaneous with the title transferring to the customer, in an amount that reflects the transaction price consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. Control refers to the ability of the customer to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of, the remaining benefits from the goods. Our transaction price consideration is fixed, unless otherwise disclosed below as variable consideration. Generally, our contracts require our customers to pay for goods after we deliver products to them. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 30 days in North America, and vary throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America subject to customary credit checks.

Repair, installation or training activities generate services revenue. The services we provide are relatively short in duration and are typically completed in one or two weeks. Therefore, at each reporting date, the amount of unbilled work is insignificant. The services revenue has consistently accounted for less than 5% of the Company’s total revenues and is expected to continue at that level.

Our consolidated inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, generally using a weighted-average cost method. Our net inventories include finished goods, raw materials and work-in-progress.

We do not anticipate any material risks or uncertainties related to possible future inventory write-downs. Provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories are recorded based upon regular analysis of stock rotation privileges, obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If future demand changes in an industry or market conditions differ from management’s estimates, additional provisions may be necessary.

Our intangible assets represent the fair value for trade name, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and technology acquired in connection with the acquisitions. Intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair market values determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available, or recognized valuation models.

We review property and equipment, definite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. We conduct annual reviews for idle and underutilized equipment and review business plans for possible impairment. If adverse events do occur, our impairment review is based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of our assets and liabilities. This analysis requires management judgment with respect to changes in technology, the continued success of product lines and future volume, revenue and expense growth rates.

We accrue a liability for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If we determine that there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred, we will include a disclosure describing the contingency.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and determine the need for a valuation allowance based on a number of factors, including both positive and negative evidence. These factors include historical taxable income or loss, projected future taxable income or loss, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies. In circumstances where we, or any of our affiliates, have incurred three years of cumulative losses which constitute significant negative evidence, positive evidence of equal or greater significance is needed to overcome the negative evidence before a tax benefit is recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 (as amended by ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-10, ASU 2019-11 and 2020-02) introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating expected credit losses. The new standard is effective for smaller reporting companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and the expected impact on the consolidated financial statements is not material.

We are exposed to many different market risks with the various industries we serve. The primary financial risk we are exposed to is foreign currency exchange, as certain operations, assets and liabilities of ours are denominated in foreign currencies. We manage these risks through normal operating and financing activities.

Even though we take into account current foreign currency exchange rates at the time an order is taken, our financial statements, denominated in a non-U.S. functional currency, are subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

Our foreign denominated assets and liabilities are cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and intercompany receivables and payables, as we conduct business in countries of the European Union, Asia/Pacific and, to a lesser extent, Canada and Latin America. We do manage foreign exchange exposures by using currency clauses in certain sales contracts and we also have local debt to offset asset exposures. We have not used any derivative instruments nor entered into any forward contracts in fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 or fiscal 2021.

Had the U.S. dollar changed unfavorably 10% against various foreign currencies, foreign denominated net sales would have been lower by an estimated $12.2 million during fiscal 2023, an estimated $12.1 million during fiscal 2022 and an estimated $10.0 million during fiscal 2021. Total assets would have declined by an estimated $4.3 million as of the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023 and an estimated $4.2 million as of the fiscal year ended May 28, 2022, while the total liabilities would have decreased by an estimated $1.1 million as of the fiscal year ended May 27, 2023 and an estimated $1.0 million as of the fiscal year ended May 28, 2022.

The interpretation and analysis of these disclosures should not be considered in isolation since such variances in exchange rates would likely influence other economic factors. Such factors, which are not readily quantifiable, would likely also affect our operations. Additional disclosure regarding various market risks is set forth in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Annual Report on this Form 10-K.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. (the “Company”) as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 27, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 27, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated July 31, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Estimation of Inventory Reserve - Power and Microwave Technologies ("PMT") Group

As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the consolidated inventory balance as of May 27, 2023 was $110.4 million, net of $5.9 million in reserves. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories are based upon regular analysis of stock rotation privileges, obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. A number of products in the PMT segment represent trailing edge technology. PMT often buys products ahead of supplier price increases and extended lead times which can create higher levels of inventory. As technologies evolve and customers replace their equipment, the market for and resulting net realizable value of PMT's products may decline.

We have identified the Company's estimation of inventory reserve for the PMT segment as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments required by management in estimating net realizable value for certain inventory items. The Company's estimation of its’ inventory reserve, performed on an item-by-item basis, requires inputs from operations personnel and an assessment of current market conditions and future industry trends, which can be difficult to predict given evolving technologies and the declining market for some products. Auditing this matter involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort needed to evaluate the reasonableness of the assumptions and judgments made by management.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND DISCLOSURES

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management continuously evaluates its critical accounting policies and estimates, including the allowance for doubtful accounts, revenue recognition, inventory obsolescence, intangible assets, loss contingencies and income taxes. Management bases the estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, however, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period reporting classifications. The reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or cash flows.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments: The fair values of financial instruments are determined based on quoted market prices and market interest rates as of the end of the reporting period. Our financial instruments include investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The fair values of these financial instruments approximate carrying values at May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: We consider short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates, and that have a maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate the fair market value of these assets.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Our allowance for doubtful accounts includes estimated losses that result from uncollectible receivables. The estimates are influenced by the following: continuing credit evaluation of customers’ financial conditions; aging of receivables, individually and in the aggregate; a large number of customers which are widely dispersed across geographic areas; and collectability and delinquency history by geographic area. Significant changes in one or more of these considerations may require adjustments affecting net income and net carrying value of accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts was approximately $0.2 million as of May 27, 2023 and $0.2 million as of May 28, 2022.

Loss Contingencies: We accrue a liability for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If we determine that there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred, we will include a disclosure describing the contingency.

Revenue Recognition: Our customers are generally not resellers, but rather businesses that incorporate our products into their processes from which they generate an economic benefit. The goods are also distinct in that each item sold to the customer is clearly identified on both the purchase order and resulting invoice. Each product we sell benefits the customer independently of the other products. Each item on each purchase order from the customer can be used by the customer unrelated to any other products we provide to the customer.

The Company’s revenue includes the following streams:

•

Manufacturing /assembly

•

Distribution

•

Services revenue

which is simultaneous with the title transferring to the customer, in an amount that reflects the transaction price consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods. Control refers to the ability of the customer to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of, the remaining benefits from the goods. Our transaction price consideration is fixed, unless otherwise disclosed below as variable consideration. Generally, our contracts require our customers to pay for goods after we deliver products to them. Terms are generally on open account, payable net 30 days in North America, and vary throughout Asia/Pacific, Europe and Latin America subject to customary credit checks.

We record discounts taken based on historical experience. The policy varies by business unit. The Company allows returns with prior written authorization. We estimate returns based on historical experience. The Company maintains a reserve for returns based on historical trends that covers all contracts and revenue streams using the expected value method because we have a large number of contracts with similar characteristics, which is considered variable consideration. The reserve for returns creates a refund liability on our balance sheet as a contra trade accounts receivable as well as an asset in inventory. We value the inventory at cost due to there being minimal or no costs to the Company as we generally require the customer to pay freight and we typically do not have costs associated with activities such as relabeling or repackaging. The reserve is considered immaterial at each balance sheet date. Returns for defective product are typically covered by our suppliers’ warranty, thus, returns for defective product are not factored into our reserve.

Principal versus agent guidance was considered for customized products that are provided by our suppliers versus manufactured by the Company. The Company acts as the principal as we are responsible for satisfying the performance obligation. We have primary responsibility for fulfilling the contract, we have inventory risk prior to delivery to our customer, we establish prices, our consideration is not in the form of a commission and we bear the credit risk. The Company recognizes revenue in the gross amount of consideration.

Contracts with customers

A revenue contract exists once a customer purchase order is received, reviewed and accepted. Each accepted purchase order identifies a distinct good or service as the performance obligation. The goods include standard products purchased from a supplier and stocked on our shelves, customized products purchased from a supplier, products that are customized or have value added to them in house prior to shipping to the customer and manufactured products. Prior to accepting a customer purchase order, we review the credit worthiness of the customer. Purchase orders are deemed to meet the collectability criterion once the customer’s credit is approved. The Company receives advance payments or deposits from our customers before revenue is recognized resulting in contract liabilities. Contract liabilities are included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Liabilities: Contract liabilities and revenue recognized were as follows (in thousands):


Balance May 29, 2021	$	3,313
Additions		6,917
Revenue recognized		(5,264	)
Balance May 28, 2022	$	4,966
Additions		4,293
Revenue recognized		(5,976	)
Balance May 27, 2023	$	3,283

See Note 10, Segment and Geographic Information, for a disaggregation of revenue by reportable segment and geographic region, which represents how our chief operating decision maker reviews information internally to evaluate our financial performance and to make resource allocation and other decisions for the Company.

Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency is the local currency at all foreign locations, with the exception of Hong Kong, where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Balance sheet items for our foreign entities, included in our consolidated balance sheets, are translated into U.S. dollars at end-of-period spot rates. Gains and losses resulting from translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are credited or charged directly to accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at the current rate on the date of the transaction. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income. Foreign exchange loss reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income were $0.3 million, $0.3 million and $0.8 million during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs: Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are reported as revenue and the related costs are reported as a component of cost of sales.

Inventories, net: Our consolidated inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, generally using a weighted-average cost method. Our net inventories include approximately $93.4 million of finished goods, $11.8 million of raw materials and $5.2 million of work-in-progress as of May 27, 2023 as compared to approximately $66.6 million of finished goods, $8.0 million of raw materials and $5.8 million of work-in-progress as of May 28, 2022. The inventory reserve as of May 27, 2023 was $5.9 million compared to $6.1 million as of May 28, 2022.

Provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventories are recorded based upon regular analysis of stock rotation privileges, obsolescence, the exiting of certain markets and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If future demand changes in the industry or market conditions differ from management’s estimates, additional provisions may be necessary.

We recorded provisions to our inventory reserves of $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $1.0 million during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively, which were included in cost of sales. The provisions were primarily for obsolete and slow-moving parts. The parts were written down to estimated realizable value.

Income Taxes: We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and determine the need for a valuation allowance based on a number of factors, including both positive and negative evidence. These factors include historical taxable income or loss, projected future taxable income or loss, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences and the implementation of tax planning strategies. In circumstances where we, or any of our affiliates, have incurred three years of cumulative losses which constitute significant negative evidence, positive evidence of equal or greater significance is needed to overcome the negative evidence before a tax benefit is recognized for deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards.

Investments: We liquidated our investments during the third quarter and accordingly had no investments at the end of fiscal 2023. As of May 28, 2022, we had $5.0 million invested in a Certificate of Deposit (level 1 classification), which matured in less than twelve months.

Intangible Assets: Intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair market values determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available, or recognized valuation models. Intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized over their useful lives either on a straight-line basis or over their projected future cash flows and are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible impairment. Our intangible assets represent the fair value for trade name, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and technology acquired in connection with the acquisitions.

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Improvements and replacements are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for depreciation are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Depreciation expense was approximately $3.4 million, $3.2 million and $3.2 million during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):


	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022
Land and improvements	$	1,532		$	1,385
Buildings and improvements		24,206			23,002
Computer, communications equipment and software		11,692			11,186
Machinery and other equipment		18,350			16,215
Construction in progress		4,437			1,991
	$	60,217		$	53,779
Accumulated depreciation		(39,394	)		(36,818	)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	20,823		$	16,961

Construction in progress at May 27, 2023 includes $2.2 million for facilities, $1.6 million for manufacturing facilities and $0.6 million for IT systems. All projects are expected to be completed before the end of fiscal 2024.

Supplemental disclosure information of the estimated useful life of the assets:


Land improvements		10 years
Buildings and improvements		10 - 30 years
Computer, communications equipment and software		3 - 10 years
Machinery and other equipment		3 - 20 years

If adverse events do occur, our impairment review is based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of our assets and liabilities. This analysis requires management judgment with respect to changes in technology, the continued success of product lines and future volume, revenue and expense growth rates. We conduct annual reviews for idle and underutilized equipment and review business plans for possible impairment. Impairment occurs when the carrying value of the assets exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be earned by the use of the asset or asset group. When impairment is indicated, the estimated future cash flows are then discounted to determine the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group and an impairment charge is recorded for the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value.

Additionally, we also evaluate the remaining useful life of each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of depreciation or amortization. If the estimate of a long-lived asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is amortized prospectively over that revised remaining useful life.

Accrued Liabilities: Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Compensation and payroll taxes	$	4,422	$	5,519
Accrued severance		486		678
Professional fees		661		470
Deferred revenue		3,283		4,966
Other accrued expenses		3,174		4,477
Accrued Liabilities	$	12,026	$	16,110

Warranties: We offer warranties for the limited number of specific products we manufacture.

We estimate the cost to perform under the warranty obligation and recognize this estimated cost at the time of the related product sale. We record expense related to our warranty obligations as cost of sales in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Each quarter, we assess actual warranty costs incurred on a product-by-product basis and compare the warranty costs to our estimated warranty obligation. With respect to new products, estimates are based generally on knowledge of the products and warranty experience.

Warranty reserves are established for costs that are expected to be incurred after the sale and delivery of products under warranty. Warranty reserves are included in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. The warranty reserves are determined based on known product failures, historical experience and other available evidence.

Changes in the warranty reserve during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were as follows (in thousands):


	Warranty Reserve
Balance at May 29, 2021	$	548
Accruals for products sold		160
Utilization		(32	)
Balance at May 28, 2022	$	676
Accruals for products sold		91
Utilization		(42	)
Balance at May 27, 2023	$	725

Other Non-Current Liabilities: Other non-current liabilities of $0.6 million at May 27, 2023 and $0.8 million at May 28, 2022, primarily represent employee-benefits obligations in various non-U.S. locations.

Share-Based Compensation: We measure and recognize share-based compensation cost at fair value for all share-based payments, including stock options and restricted stock awards. We estimate fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires assumptions such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life and dividends. We account for the forfeitures of stock-based compensation in the period in which they occur. Compensation cost is recognized using a graded vesting schedule over the applicable vesting period. Share-based compensation expense totaled approximately $0.9 million during fiscal 2023, $0.7 million during fiscal 2022 and $0.7 million during fiscal 2021.

Stock options granted generally vest over a period of five years and have contractual terms to exercise of 10 years. A summary of stock option activity is as follows (in thousands, except option prices and years):


	Number of Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Options Outstanding at May 30, 2020		1,427		$	8.83
Granted		188			4.26
Exercised		(49	)		5.93
Forfeited		(7	)		5.96
Cancelled		(104	)		12.53
Options Outstanding at May 29, 2021		1,455		$	8.08
Granted		185			7.66
Exercised		(373	)		8.01
Forfeited		(35	)		6.51
Cancelled		(84	)		11.65
Options Outstanding at May 28, 2022		1,148		$	7.82
Granted		194			15.58
Exercised		(441	)		8.58
Forfeited		(20	)		8.15
Cancelled		(25	)		11.67
Options Outstanding at May 27, 2023		856		$	9.07		6.4	$	7,122
Options Vested at May 27, 2023		387		$	8.24		4.6	$	3,537

(1)

Includes only those options that were in-the-money as of May 27, 2023. Stock options for which the exercise price exceeded the market price have been omitted. Fluctuations in the intrinsic value of both outstanding and exercisable options may result from changes in underlying stock price and timing and volume of option grants, exercises and forfeitures.

There were 440,480 stock options exercised during fiscal 2023, with cash received of $3.8 million. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $4.7 million during fiscal 2023, $1.9 million for fiscal 2022 and $0.1 million for fiscal 2021. The weighted average fair value of stock option grants was $5.44 during fiscal 2023, $1.50 during fiscal 2022 and $0.49 during fiscal 2021. As of May 27, 2023, total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options and restricted stock awards was approximately $1.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of approximately two to four years. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during fiscal 2023 was $0.3 million.

The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022			May 29, 2021
Expected volatility		39.12	%		29.00	%		27.72	%
Risk-free interest rate		3.09	%		0.97	%		0.45	%
Expected lives (years)		5.47			6.50			6.50
Annual cash dividend	$	0.24		$	0.24		$	0.24

The expected volatility assumptions are based on historical experience commensurate with the expected term. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a treasury note with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the stock option. The expected stock option life assumption is based on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) guidance in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107 (“SAB No. 107”). For stock options granted during fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 the simplified method was used as we believed that our historical stock option experience did not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at May 27, 2023 (in thousands, except option prices and years):


	Outstanding								Vested
Exercise Price Range	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Life		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
$4.26 to $6.47		280	$	5.09		6.2	$	3,446		135	$	5.41		5.6	$	1,615
$6.90 to $10.35		347		8.34		5.7		3,138		194		8.65		4.2		1,694
$11.14 to $16.71		229		15.04		7.7		538		58		13.45		3.3		228
Total		856	$	9.07		6.4	$	7,122		387	$	8.24		4.6	$	3,537

As of May 27, 2023, a summary of restricted stock award transactions was as follows (in thousands):


	Unvested Restricted Shares
Unvested at May 29, 2021		144
Granted		72
Vested		(71	)
Unvested at May 28, 2022		145
Granted		53
Vested		(73	)
Unvested at May 27, 2023		125

Compensation effects arising from issuing stock awards have been charged against income and recorded as additional paid-in-capital in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021.

The Employees’ Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) authorizes the issuance of up to 3,500,000 shares as incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options or stock awards. Under this plan, 1,028,000 shares are reserved for future issuance. The Plan authorizes the granting of stock options at the fair market value at the date of grant. Generally, these options become exercisable over five years and expire up to 10 years from the date of grant. Restricted stock awards vest on the anniversary of the grant date in three equal installments.

Earnings per Share: We have authorized 17,000,000 shares of common stock and 3,000,000 shares of Class B common stock. The Class B common stock has 10 votes per share and has transferability restrictions; however, Class B common stock may be converted into common stock on a share-for-share basis at any time. With respect to dividends and distributions, shares of common stock and Class B common stock rank equally and have the same rights, except that Class B common stock cash dividends are limited to 90% of the amount of Class A common stock cash dividends.

Our Class B common stock is considered a participating security requiring the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. The two-class computation method for each period reflects the cash dividends paid per share for each class of stock, plus the amount of allocated undistributed earnings per share computed using the participation percentage which reflects the dividend rights of each class of stock. Basic and diluted earnings per share were computed using the two-class method. The shares of Class B common stock are considered to be participating convertible securities since the shares of Class B common stock are convertible on a share-for-share basis into shares of common stock and may participate in dividends with common stock according to a predetermined formula which is 90% of the amount of Class A common stock cash dividends.

The earnings per share (“EPS”) presented in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income are based on the following (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	For the Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023				May 28, 2022				May 29, 2021
	Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted		Basic			Diluted
Numerator for Basic and Diluted EPS:
Net income	$	22,333	$	22,333	$	17,927	$	17,927	$	1,655		$	1,655
Less dividends:
Common stock		2,877		2,877		2,745		2,745		2,669			2,669
Class B common stock		443		443		448		448		453			453
Undistributed earnings (loss)	$	19,013	$	19,013	$	14,734	$	14,734	$	(1,467	)	$	(1,467	)
Common stock undistributed earnings (loss)	$	16,467	$	16,573	$	12,655	$	12,720	$	(1,254	)	$	(1,255	)
Class B common stock undistributed earnings (loss)		2,546		2,440		2,079		2,014		(213	)		(212	)
Total undistributed earnings (loss)	$	19,013	$	19,013	$	14,734	$	14,734	$	(1,467	)	$	(1,467	)

Denominator for Basic and Diluted EPS:
Common stock weighted average shares		11,943		11,943		11,395		11,395		11,105			11,105
Effect of dilutive securities
Dilutive stock options				599				430					59
Denominator for diluted EPS adjusted for weighted average shares and assumed conversions				12,542				11,825					11,164
Class B common stock weighted average shares, and shares under if-converted method for diluted EPS		2,052		2,052		2,080		2,080		2,097			2,097

Net income per share:
Common stock	$	1.62	$	1.55	$	1.35	$	1.31	$	0.13		$	0.13
Class B common stock	$	1.46	$	1.40	$	1.21	$	1.18	$	0.11		$	0.11

Note: There were no common stock options that were anti-dilutive for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021.

New Accounting Pronouncements

INCOME TAXES

Income before income taxes included the following components (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022		May 29, 2021
United States	$	22,258	$	12,299	$	1,077
Foreign		2,772		3,460		1,231
Income before income taxes	$	25,030	$	15,759	$	2,308

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022			May 29, 2021
Current:
Federal	$	954		$	(4,213	)	$	108
State		1,212			950			—
Foreign		547			1,038			665
Total current		2,713			(2,225	)		773
Deferred:
Federal		—			—			—
Foreign		(16	)		57			(120	)
Total deferred		(16	)		57			(120	)
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	2,697		$	(2,168	)	$	653

The differences between income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 and the reported income tax provision for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, are summarized as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022			May 29, 2021
Federal statutory rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%
Effect of:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		3.6			5.5			21.6
Foreign taxes at other rates		0.9			4.5			10.5
Permanent tax differences		0.1			(2.0	)		18.3
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets		(7.0	)		(43.1	)		(49.7	)
Return to provision adjustments		(0.7	)		0.2			2.2
R&D credit		(3.7	)		—			—
Other		(3.4	)		0.2			4.4
Effective tax rate		10.8	%		(13.7	)%		28.3	%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect operations as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022. Significant components were as follows (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards - foreign and domestic	$	2,324		$	2,796
Inventory valuations		1,506			1,571
Goodwill		1,056			1,182
Foreign tax credits		26			1,782
Severance reserve		131			183
Foreign capital loss		944			1,224
Section 174 capitalization		1,215			—
Lease liability		381			520
Other		1,067			1,480
Subtotal		8,650			10,738
Valuation allowance - foreign and domestic		(1,375	)		(3,474	)
Net deferred tax assets after valuation allowance		7,275			7,264
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation		(2,441	)		(2,406	)
Tax on undistributed earnings		(24	)		(24	)
ROU assets		(381	)		(520	)
Other		(1	)		(1	)
Subtotal		(2,847	)		(2,951	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	4,428		$	4,313
Supplemental disclosure of net deferred tax assets, excluding valuation allowance:
Domestic	$	4,517		$	6,017
Foreign		1,285			1,770
Total	$	5,802		$	7,787

Income taxes paid, including foreign estimated tax payments, were $4.8 million, $1.5 million and $0.1 million, during fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively.

The Company did not record any uncertain tax positions as of May 27, 2023, as compared to $0.1 million as of May 28, 2022. The reserve for the German audits was reversed in fiscal 2023. We record penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax expense line item within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Accrued interest and penalties were included within the related tax liability line in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have not recorded a liability for interest and penalties as of May 27, 2023 or May 28, 2022.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period	$	125		$	142
Currency translation adjustment		(4	)		(17	)
Release German reserve		(121	)		—
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period	$	—		$	125

10.

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

As described in Note 1, Description of the Company and Note 2, Basis of Presentation, the Company began reporting the results for its new Green Energy Solutions ("GES") segment in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 due to its focus on power applications that support the green energy market. The GES segment has been carved out of our existing Power and Microwave Technologies (“PMT”) segment. Accordingly, the Company is reporting its financial performance based on four operating and reportable segments. The results for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 presented herein were adjusted to reflect the presentation of the new GES segment separately from the PMT segment.

The Company's four operating and reportable segments for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were defined as follows:

The CEO, who is the chief operating decision maker, evaluates performance and allocates resources primarily based on the gross profit of each segment.

Operating results by segment are summarized in the following table (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022		May 29, 2021
PMT
Net Sales	$	164,299	$	155,445	$	128,980
Gross Profit		54,089		50,810		43,546

GES
Net Sales	$	47,596	$	22,611	$	8,300
Gross Profit		13,719		7,231		2,405

Canvys
Net Sales	$	39,331	$	35,187	$	29,319
Gross Profit		12,375		11,252		10,274

Healthcare
Net Sales	$	11,432	$	11,377	$	10,338
Gross Profit		3,506		2,407		2,600

A reconciliation of assets to the relevant consolidated amount is as follows (in thousands):


	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Segment assets	$	149,976	$	120,696
Cash and cash equivalents		24,981		35,495
Investments - current		—		5,000
Other current assets (1)		2,771		2,686
Net property, plant and equipment		14,124		9,435
Operating lease ROU asset		1,403		1,894
Financing lease ROU asset		—		215
Other non-current assets		267		—
Other assets - non-current deferred income taxes		4,526		4,398
Total assets	$	198,048	$	179,819

(1)

Other current assets include miscellaneous receivables and prepaid expenses.

Assets are not disclosed by reportable segment as the Company does not track assets by reportable segment and certain assets are not specific to any reportable segment.

Capital expenditures for our Healthcare segment during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were approximately $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. In addition, we also had capital expenditures during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 related to the Company’s ERP system as well as facilities that were not specific to any particular reportable segment.

Geographic net sales information is primarily grouped by customer destination into five areas: North America; Asia/Pacific; Europe; Latin America; and Other.

Net sales and gross profit by geographic region are summarized in the following table (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023			May 28, 2022			May 29, 2021
Net Sales
North America	$	112,214		$	98,527		$	73,625
Asia/Pacific		59,557			49,235			40,839
Europe		62,017			64,435			52,549
Latin America		28,924			12,439			9,651
Other (1)		(54	)		(16	)		273
Total	$	262,658		$	224,620		$	176,937

Gross Profit
North America	$	43,580		$	36,548		$	28,639
Asia/Pacific		18,775			15,728			13,520
Europe		18,760			19,215			16,958
Latin America		7,735			4,340			3,405
Other (1)		(5,161	)		(4,131	)		(3,697	)
Total	$	83,689		$	71,700		$	58,825

(1)

Other includes primarily net sales not allocated to a specific geographical region, unabsorbed value-add cost and other unallocated expenses.

Net assets by geographic region are summarized in the following table (in thousands):


	Fiscal Year Ended
	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Net Assets
North America	$	106,528	$	90,979
Asia/Pacific		12,347		11,514
Europe		37,843		30,873
Latin America		2,602		2,481
Total	$	159,320	$	135,847

The Company had long-lived assets of $22.7 million as of May 27, 2023 and $19.0 million as of May 28, 2022. The long-lived assets, which include our fixed assets and intangibles, were primarily in the U.S. There were approximately $0.3 million of long-lived assets that belong to our foreign affiliates as of May 27, 2023 and $0.4 million as of May 28, 2022.

The Company had depreciation and amortization expense of $3.7 million, $3.4 million and $3.4 million for fiscal 2023, fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021, respectively. The depreciation and amortization, which includes our fixed assets and intangibles, were primarily in the U.S. Depreciation and amortization expense that belongs to our foreign affiliates was approximately $0.1 million for fiscal 2023, $0.1 million for fiscal 2022 and $0.3 million for fiscal 2021, respectively.

Management of the Company, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of May 27, 2023.

Disclosure controls and procedures are intended to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of May 27, 2023 at a reasonable assurance level.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023 based on the framework in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 27, 2023.

Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023 has been audited by BDO USA, P.A., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

We have audited Richardson Electronics Ltd.’s (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 27, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of May 27, 2023 and May 28, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 27, 2023, and the related notes and our report dated July 31, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Information concerning directors and executive officers of the registrant will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information concerning executive compensation will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference.

The following table sets forth information as of May 27, 2023, with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities were authorized for issuance:

ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

Information concerning certain relationships and related transactions will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Information concerning accountant fees and services will be contained in our Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with our Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on October 10, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years ended May 27, 2023, May 28, 2022 and May 29, 2021.

All schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto, or is not applicable or required. See Exhibit Index.

Our consolidated financial statements being filed as part of this Form 10-K are filed on Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Delaware		36-2096643
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.05 Par Value	RELL	NASDAQ Global Select Market


		Page
Part I		4
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	9
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	17
Item 2.	Properties	18
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	18

Part II		19
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	19
Item 6.	Reserved	20
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	33
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	62
Item 9B.	Other Information	65

Part III		66
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	66
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	66
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	66
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	67
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	67

Part IV		68
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	68
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	68

Exhibit Index		69
Signatures		72


Location	Leased/Owned	Use	Segment
LaFox, Illinois *	Owned	Corporate/Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing	PMT/Canvys/Healthcare
Woodland Hills, California	Leased	Sales	PMT
Marlborough, Massachusetts	Leased	Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing	Canvys
Fort Mill, South Carolina	Leased	Sales/Distribution/Testing/Repair	Healthcare
Sao Paulo, Brazil	Leased	Sales/Distribution	PMT
Beijing, China	Leased	Sales	PMT
Nanjing, China	Leased	Sales	PMT
Shanghai, China	Leased	Sales/Distribution	PMT
Shenzhen, China	Leased	Sales	PMT
Brive, France	Leased	Sales	PMT
Paris, France	Leased	Sales	PMT
Donaueschingen, Germany	Leased	Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing	Canvys
Puchheim, Germany	Leased	Sales	PMT
Mumbai, India	Leased	Sales	PMT
Florence, Italy	Leased	Sales	PMT
Milan, Italy	Leased	Sales	PMT
Tokyo, Japan	Leased	Sales	PMT
Mexico City, Mexico	Leased	Sales	PMT
Amsterdam, Netherlands	Leased	Sales/Distribution/Manufacturing	PMT/Healthcare
Singapore, Singapore	Leased	Sales/Distribution	PMT
Seoul, South Korea	Leased	Sales	PMT
Taipei, Taiwan	Leased	Sales	PMT/Canvys
Bangkok, Thailand	Leased	Sales/Distribution	PMT
Dubai, United Arab Emirates	Leased	Sales/Testing	PMT
Hook, United Kingdom	Leased	Sales/Distribution/Testing/Repair	PMT
Lincoln, United Kingdom	Leased	Sales	PMT/Canvys


	Less than 1 year		1 - 3 years		4 - 5 years		More than 5 years		Less Interest			Total
Lease obligations (1)	$	1,147	$	1,393	$	35	$	—	$	(118	)	$	2,457


Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐


Net Sales	FY 2023		FY 2022		FY 2021		FY23 vs. FY22 % Change			FY22 vs. FY21 % Change
PMT	$	164,299	$	155,445	$	128,980		5.7	%		20.5	%
GES		47,596		22,611		8,300		110.5	%		172.4	%
Canvys		39,331		35,187		29,319		11.8	%		20.0	%
Healthcare		11,432		11,377		10,338		0.5	%		10.1	%
Total	$	262,658	$	224,620	$	176,937		16.9	%		26.9	%


	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	24,981	$	35,495
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $191 and $186, respectively		30,067		29,878
Inventories, net		110,402		80,390
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2,633		2,448
Investments - current		—		5,000
Total current assets		168,083		153,211
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		20,823		16,961
Intangible assets, net		1,892		2,010
Lease ROU asset		2,457		3,239
Non-current deferred income taxes		4,526		4,398
Other non-current assets		267		—
Total non-current assets		29,965		26,608
Total assets	$	198,048	$	179,819
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	23,535	$	23,987
Accrued liabilities		12,026		16,110
Lease liability current		1,028		1,109
Total current liabilities		36,589		41,206
Non-current liabilities:
Non-current deferred income tax liabilities		98		85
Lease liability non-current		1,429		1,915
Other non-current liabilities		612		766
Total non-current liabilities		2,139		2,766
Total liabilities		38,728		43,972
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.05 par value; issued and outstanding 12,140 shares at May 27, 2023 and 11,649 shares at May 28, 2022		607		582
Class B common stock, convertible, $0.05 par value; issued and outstanding 2,052 shares at May 27, 2023 and 2,053 shares at May 28, 2022		103		103
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, no shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Additional paid-in-capital		70,951		66,331
Retained earnings		87,044		68,031
Accumulated other comprehensive income		615		800
Total stockholders’ equity		159,320		135,847
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	198,048	$	179,819


	Common		Class B Common			Par Value		Additional Paid In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Total
Balance May 30, 2020		11,038		2,097		$	657	$	61,749		$	54,764		$	1,490		$	118,660
Comprehensive income
Net income		—		—			—		—			1,655			—			1,655
Foreign currency translation		—		—			—		—			—			3,403			3,403
Share-based compensation:
Restricted stock		—		—			—		483			—			—			483
Stock options		—		—			—		192			—			—			192
Common stock:
Options exercised		49		—			2		287			—			—			289
Restricted stock issuance		73		—			4		(4	)		—			—			—
Dividends paid to:
Common ($0.24 per share)		—		—			—		—			(2,669	)		—			(2,669	)
Class B ($0.22 per share)		—		—			—		—			(453	)		—			(453	)
Balance May 29, 2021		11,160		2,097		$	663	$	62,707		$	53,297		$	4,893		$	121,560
Comprehensive income
Net income		—		—			—		—			17,927			—			17,927
Foreign currency translation		—		—			—		—			—			(4,093	)		(4,093	)
Share-based compensation:
Restricted stock		—		—			—		444			—			—			444
Stock options		—		—			—		210			—			—			210
Common stock:
Options exercised		373		—			18		2,974			—			—			2,992
Restricted stock issuance		72		—			4		(4	)		—			—			—
Class B converted to Common		44		(44	)		—		—			—			—			—
Dividends paid to:
Common ($0.24 per share)		—		—			—		—			(2,745	)		—			(2,745	)
Class B ($0.22 per share)		—		—			—		—			(448	)		—			(448	)
Balance May 28. 2022		11,649		2,053		$	685	$	66,331		$	68,031		$	800		$	135,847
Comprehensive income
Net income		—		—			—		—			22,333			—			22,333
Foreign currency translation		—		—			—		—			—			(185	)		(185	)
Share-based compensation:
Restricted stock		—		—			—		542			—			—			542
Stock options		—		—			—		394			—			—			394
Common stock:
Options exercised		441		—			23		3,755			—			—			3,778
Restricted stock issuance		49		—			2		(71	)		—			—			(69	)
Class B converted to Common		1		(1	)		—		—			—			—			—
Dividends paid to:
Common ($0.24 per share)		—		—			—		—			(2,877	)		—			(2,877	)
Class B ($0.22 per share)		—		—			—		—			(443	)		—			(443	)
Balance May 27, 2023		12,140		2,052		$	710	$	70,951		$	87,044		$	615		$	159,320


	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Gross Amounts:
Customer Relationships (1)	$	3,388	$	3,393
Technology		380		230
Total Gross Amounts	$	3,768	$	3,623

Accumulated Amortization:
Customer Relationships	$	1,671	$	1,453
Technology		205		160
Total Accumulated Amortization	$	1,876	$	1,613

Net Intangible Assets	$	1,892	$	2,010


Fiscal Year	Amortization Expense
2024	$	252
2025		239
2026		206
2027		194
2028		183
Thereafter		818
Total amortization expense	$	1,892


Lease Type	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Operating lease ROU asset	$	2,457	$	3,024
Financing lease ROU asset		—		215
Total Lease ROU asset	$	2,457	$	3,239

Operating lease liability current	$	1,028	$	1,109
Financing lease liability current		—		—
Total lease liability current	$	1,028	$	1,109

Operating lease liability non-current	$	1,429	$	1,915
Financing lease liability non-current		—		—
Total lease liability non-current	$	1,429	$	1,915


Lease Type	Classification	Fiscal Year Ended May 27, 2023		Fiscal Year Ended May 28, 2022
Consolidated operating lease expense	Operating expenses	$	1,721	$	1,781

Consolidated financing lease amortization	Operating expenses		—		92
Consolidated financing lease interest	Interest expense		—		3
Consolidated financing lease expense			—		95

Net lease cost		$	1,721	$	1,876


Fiscal Year	Operating Leases
2024	$	1,147
2025		827
2026		453
2027		113
2028		23
Thereafter		12
Total lease payments		2,575
Lease inputted interest		118
Net minimum lease payments	$	2,457


Lease Type	Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term in Years	Weighted Average Interest Rate
Operating leases	2.6	4.0%


		Fiscal Year Ended
Cash Flow Source	Classification	May 27, 2023		May 28, 2022
Operating cash flows from operating leases	Operating activities	$	566	$	747
Operating cash flows from financing leases	Operating activities		—		148
Finance cash flows from financing leases	Financing activities		—		151


Description	Balance at beginning of period		Charged to expense			Deductions				Balance at end of period

Year ended May 27, 2023
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	186	$	50	(1)	$	(45	)	(2)	$	191
Inventory provisions		6,060		466	(3)		(658	)	(4)		5,868

Year ended May 28, 2022
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	202	$	103	(1)	$	(119	)	(2)	$	186
Inventory provisions		5,866		462	(3)		(268	)	(4)		6,060

Year ended May 29, 2021
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	334	$	149	(1)	$	(281	)	(2)	$	202
Inventory provisions		5,393		1,041	(3)		(568	)	(4)		5,866


Description	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter

Fiscal 2023
Net sales	$	67,557	$	65,905	$	70,364	$	58,832
Gross profit		23,027		21,851		22,405		16,406
Net income		6,324		5,549		6,340		4,120
Net income per share:
Common stock - basic	$	0.47	$	0.40	$	0.46	$	0.29
Class B common stock - basic		0.42		0.36		0.41		0.27
Common stock - diluted		0.45		0.39		0.44		0.27
Class B common stock - diluted		0.40		0.35		0.40		0.25

Fiscal 2022
Net sales	$	53,704	$	53,979	$	55,308	$	61,629
Gross profit		16,297		17,657		17,569		20,177
Net income		2,635		4,122		2,887		8,283
Net income per share:
Common stock - basic	$	0.20	$	0.31	$	0.22	$	0.62
Class B common stock - basic		0.18		0.28		0.19		0.55
Common stock - diluted		0.20		0.30		0.21		0.59
Class B common stock - diluted		0.18		0.27		0.19		0.54


Plan Category	Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights			Weighted Average Per Share Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights			Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in the First Column)
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders		832,536		$	8.96			1,027,864
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders		23,564	(1)		12.95	(1)		—
Total		856,100		$	9.07			1,027,864


Exhibit Number		Description

2(a)		Purchase Agreement between the Company and International Medical Equipment & Services, Inc. dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2015).

2(b)		Acquisition Agreement, dated October 1, 2010, among Richardson Electronics, Ltd., certain subsidiaries of Richardson Electronics, Ltd. and Arrow Electronics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 1, 2010).

2(c)		Amendment No. 1 to Acquisition Agreement, dated February 28, 2011, between Richardson Electronics, Ltd., and Arrow Electronics, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(q)(i) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2011).

3(a)		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Annex III of the Proxy Statement filed August 22, 2014).

3(b)		Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 12, 2017).

4*		Description of the Company’s Securities.

10(a) †		Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 23, 2011).

10(a)(i) †		Amendment to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex II to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2014).

10(a)(ii)†		Amendment Two to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex I to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 24, 2018).

10(b) †		Amended and Restated Edward J. Richardson Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on August 30, 2012).

10(c) †		Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2006 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2005).

10(d) †		Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement, dated June 1, 2004, by and between the Company and Wendy Diddell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Amendment No. 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 333-113568, filed June 14, 2004).

10(d)(i) †		First Amendment to Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement, dated May 31, 2007, by and between the Company and Wendy Diddell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2007).

10(e) †		Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement dated June 26, 2014, by and between the Company and Gregory J. Peloquin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 27, 2014).

10(f)		Credit Agreement among the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and PNC Bank NA, as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and Issuing Lender thereunder (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023).


10(g)		Security Agreement among the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, and PNC Bank N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023).

10(h)		Pledge Agreement among the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, and PNC Bank N.A, as administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2023).

10(i) †		Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2015).

10(i)(i) †		Amendment to the Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(u) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018).

10(i)(ii) †		Amendment, dated December 14, 2018, to the Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of fiscal year ended June 1, 2019).

10(j) †		Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Robert J. Ben dated as of August 4, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on August 7, 2015).

10(k) †		Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(r) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018).

10(l) †		Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Employees Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(s) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018).

10(m) †		Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Consultants Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(t) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2018).

10(n) †		Disclosure of departure of Patrick Fitzgerald and change of responsibility of Wendy Diddell dated March 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2019).

10.1 †		Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Jens Ruppert dated June 25, 2015 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 10, 2019).

10.2 †		Amendment, dated May 11, 2021, to the Employment, Nondisclosure and Non-Compete Agreement between the Company and Lee A. McIntyre III dated June 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021).

10.3 †		Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on August 24, 2020).

10.4 †		Form of Restrictive Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021).

10.5 †		Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award for Employees Pursuant to the Richardson Electronics, Ltd. Amended and Restated 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 29, 2021).

14*		Richardson Electronics, LTD. Code of Conduct.


21*		Subsidiaries of the Company.

23.1*		Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - BDO USA, P.A.

31.1*		Certification of Edward J. Richardson pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed pursuant to Part I).

31.2*		Certification of Robert J. Ben pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed pursuant to Part I).

32*		Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed pursuant to Part I).

101*		The following financial information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended May 27, 2023, filed with the SEC on July 31, 2023, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Consolidated Statement of Stockholder’s Equity and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)


	Signature	Title	Date

By	/s/ Edward J. Richardson	Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer	July 31, 2023
	Edward J. Richardson	(Principal Executive Officer), President and Director